Bolsonaro's refusal to concede underscores ‘serious’ challenges to Brazil's democratic institutions

Annette Young is pleased to welcome Dr Pedro Perfeito da Silva, Latin American specialist at the University of Exeter. For Dr Perfeito da Silva, Lula's stunning success reflects the convergence of digital organizing, grassroots mobilization, targeted socioeconomic appeals and an effective effort to mobilise opposition to the Bolsonaro political project. As he explains, Lula assembled a coalition that "not only energized his supporters but also attracted voters from groups that had been somewhat skeptical of the government in the first round."